1st cut (cut):
•    Definition: Refers to how well a diamond has been shaped and faceted. It doesn't mean the shape (like round, oval or pear),           but how well the facets of the diamond interact with light.
•    Meaning: The cut is crucial as it affects the brilliance of the diamond. A well-cut diamond will sparkle brilliantly because it reflects light internally and spreads it through the top of the stone.
•    Grading: Diamonds are graded from Excellent to Poor based on their cut. The grading assesses the diamond's brightness, fire (the diffusion of white light into all the colors of the rainbow) and scintillation (the twinkle when the diamond or light source is moved).
•    Caution: A poorly cut diamond, even if of high clarity and colour, could appear dull and lifeless. As such, the cut is often considered the most important of the 4 Cs.
2.    Color:
•    Definition: Refers to the presence or absence of color in a diamond.
•    Meaning: A completely colorless diamond transmits maximum light, resulting in more sparkle. Most diamonds have yellowish or brownish tints, with colorless diamonds being the rarest.
•    Grading: The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) grades the color of diamonds on a scale from D (colorless) to Z (light yellow or brown).
•    Note: Although D-E-F grades are considered colorless, it can be difficult for the untrained eye to distinguish between a D and an H, especially when set in jewelry.
3.    Purity (Clarity):
•    Definition: Refers to the presence of internal or external imperfections known as inclusions and blemishes.
•    Meaning: Most diamonds have these tiny imperfections. Diamonds without any inclusions or blemishes are extremely rare and therefore more valuable.
•    Grading: GIA grades cleanliness from Flawless (no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10x magnification) to Included (inclusions and/or blemishes visible to the naked eye).
•    Caution: Many inclusions are microscopic and do not affect the beauty of a diamond in any perceptible way, but can significantly affect the price.
4.    Carat weight:
•    Definition: Refers to the size of the diamond. One carat equals 200 milligrams.
•    Meaning: Larger diamonds are rarer and therefore more valuable. However, two diamonds of the same carat weight can have different prices due to their cut, color and clarity.
•    Scoring: Measured to the hundredth decimal place using an accurate scale.
•    Note: It is important to remember that carat weight does not always correlate with apparent size. For example, a well cut diamond might appear larger than a poorly cut diamond of the same carat weight due to its superior light output.

When purchasing a diamond, it is crucial to balance all four Cs based on personal preference and budget. Some may prefer carat weight, while others may place more emphasis on clarity or color. Using the 4Cs as a guide can ensure you make an informed decision about your diamond purchase.